Long-Term Water Storage: Essential Tips for Emergency Preparedness

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Last Updated on April 12, 2023 by Lisa Vargas

Water is essential to life, and in the event of an emergency or disaster, access to clean drinking water can mean the difference between survival and tragedy. This is why long term water storage is a crucial component of any emergency preparedness plan.

Long term water storage is the practice of storing water for extended periods of time, typically for emergencies, natural disasters, or other situations where access to clean drinking water is limited or unavailable. In this article, we will explore the various options for long term water storage, the importance of water treatment and filtration, as well as tips for rotating and replenishing stored water.

Container Options for Long-Term Water Storage

long term water storage

When it comes to long term water storage, the container you choose is just as important as the water itself. There are several container options to choose from, each with their own pros and cons.  I personally prefer to use the big 55-gallon drum barrels.  It will depend also how much water you anticipate on storing and the size of your family.  Besides the options below, if you live on a ranch, you can store your water above ground in much larger storage containers like pictured above. 

Plastic Containers

Plastic containers are a popular choice for long term water storage due to their affordability and durability.  As I mentioned above, the 55-gallon barrels are very popular with the prepping community.  They are also lightweight and easy to move around. However, not all plastic containers are created equal. It is important to choose containers that are made from food-grade plastic and are BPA-free.

Below are some different options that you can use to store water long term. I’m not going to go into the details of each one because this isn’t a “review” article, but you might find something that you think would be good for you and your family.

Water Treatment and Filtration for Long Term Water Storage

water filtration

Stored water can become contaminated over time, even if it was clean when it was initially stored. This is why it is important to treat and filter water before storing it for the long term. I’ve written about this before in greater detail and you can find that article about water filtration systems here.

Water Treatment Methods

There are several different methods you can use to treat your water. Let’s look at some of them below. 

Bleach

Bleach is a commonly used method for treating water for long term storage. It is a powerful disinfectant that can kill bacteria and other microorganisms in the water. However, it is important to use bleach properly to ensure that the water is safe to drink.


When using bleach to treat water for long term storage, it is important to use unscented bleach that does not contain any additives. Scented bleach and bleach with added fragrances or cleaning agents can make the water unsafe to drink.


To use bleach to treat water for long term storage, add 8 drops of bleach (containing 5-6% sodium hypochlorite) per gallon of water. Mix the water thoroughly and let it sit for 30 minutes before consuming. This will give the bleach enough time to kill any bacteria or other microorganisms in the water.


After the 30-minute waiting period, the water should have a slight chlorine smell. If the water does not have a chlorine smell, add another 8 drops of bleach per gallon and wait another 30 minutes.


It is important to note that using too much bleach can make the water unsafe to drink. It is also important to use bleach within its expiration date, as bleach loses its effectiveness over time.


When using bleach to treat water for long term storage, it is a good idea to label the container with the date it was treated and the amount of bleach used. This will help ensure that the water is safe to drink and that you know when it needs to be treated again.

UV Light

UV light is another effective method for treating water for long term storage. It uses ultraviolet radiation to kill bacteria and other microorganisms in the water. The UV light essentially disrupts the DNA of the microorganisms, rendering them harmless.

There are two main types of UV water treatment devices that are commonly used for long term water storage: UV wands and UV water purifiers. UV wands are handheld devices that emit UV light, and can be used to treat small amounts of water. UV water purifiers, on the other hand, are larger devices that are designed to treat larger volumes of water.

To use a UV water treatment device, simply immerse the wand or purifier in the water and turn it on. The UV light will kill bacteria and other microorganisms in the water. Make sure to follow the instructions carefully from the manufacturer to ensure that the device is used properly.

It is important to note that UV light treatment is effective against most bacteria and viruses, but it does not remove other contaminants such as sediment or chemicals. It is also important to ensure that the water is clear, as turbid or cloudy water can reduce the effectiveness of UV light treatment.

In addition, the effectiveness of UV light treatment can be affected by water turbidity, or cloudiness. If the water is very cloudy, the UV light may not be able to penetrate to kill all of the microorganisms. In this case, it may be necessary to use another method of water treatment or filtration before using the UV light device.

UV water treatment devices require regular maintenance to ensure that they continue to function properly. The UV bulbs in the devices need to be replaced periodically, and the devices should be cleaned regularly to prevent the growth of bacteria and other contaminants.

Overall, UV light is an effective method for treating water for long term storage. By using a UV water treatment device properly and ensuring that the water is clear and free of contaminants, you can ensure that your stored water is safe to drink in an emergency or disaster situation.

Ceramic Filters

Ceramic filters are another effective method for treating water for long term storage. They use a porous ceramic material to trap bacteria, protozoa, and other contaminants in the water.

Ceramic filters are available in different sizes and shapes, and can be used to treat water for drinking, cooking, and other household uses. They are effective at removing most bacteria and protozoa, but may not remove viruses or other contaminants.

To use a ceramic filter to treat water for long term storage, the water is poured into the top of the filter and allowed to pass through the ceramic material. The ceramic material traps the contaminants in the water, allowing clean water to flow out of the filter and into a storage container.

Ceramic filters require regular maintenance to ensure that they continue to function properly. They should be cleaned regularly to prevent the growth of bacteria and other contaminants. The frequency of cleaning depends on the quality of the water being treated and the volume of water being treated.

To clean a ceramic filter, it is rinsed thoroughly with clean water and then scrubbed with a clean brush to remove any debris or buildup. Some ceramic filters may need to be soaked in a cleaning solution or boiled in water to remove stubborn contaminants.

It is also important to replace the ceramic filter periodically to ensure that it continues to function effectively. The frequency of replacement depends on the quality of the water being treated and the volume of water being treated.

Overall, ceramic filters are an effective and affordable method for treating water for long term storage. By following the manufacturer’s instructions carefully and properly maintaining the filter, you can ensure that your stored water is safe to drink in an emergency or disaster situation.

Walter Filtration Methods

water filtration system

In addition to treating stored water, it is also important to filter it to remove any contaminants. There are several filtration methods to choose from, including the following:

Activated Carbon Filters

Activated carbon is another method for filtering water for long term storage. It is a highly porous material that is made from organic materials such as coconut shells or wood. The activated carbon works by adsorbing impurities and contaminants in the water, such as chlorine, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds.

To use activated carbon to filter water for long term storage, the water is poured through a filter containing activated carbon. The activated carbon traps the contaminants in the water, allowing clean water to flow out of the filter and into a storage container.

Activated carbon filters require periodic maintenance to ensure that they continue to function properly. The frequency of maintenance depends on the quality of the water being treated and the volume of water being treated. The filters should be replaced periodically to ensure that they continue to function effectively.

Activated carbon filters are not effective at removing bacteria or viruses from the water. For this reason, it is recommended that activated carbon filters be used in conjunction with other methods of water treatment, such as UV light or bleach.

It is important to note that activated carbon filters can become saturated with contaminants over time. When this happens, the filters become less effective at removing impurities from the water. It is important to replace the filters periodically to ensure that they continue to function effectively.

Overall, activated carbon filters are an effective method for filtering water for long term storage. By using an activated carbon filter in conjunction with other methods of water treatment and properly maintaining the filter, you can ensure that your stored water is safe to drink in an emergency or disaster situation.

Related Articles: How To Build An Activated Charcoal Water Filter For Survival

Reverse Osmosis

Reverse osmosis is another method for filtering water for long term storage. It is a process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove impurities and contaminants from the water. The membrane has small pores that allow water molecules to pass through, but block larger molecules such as salt, minerals, and other contaminants.

To use reverse osmosis to filter water for long term storage, the water is passed through a series of filters and then through the semi-permeable membrane. The membrane removes impurities and contaminants from the water, allowing clean water to flow out of the system and into a storage container.

Reverse osmosis systems require periodic maintenance to ensure that they continue to function properly. The filters and membrane should be replaced periodically to ensure that they continue to remove impurities and contaminants from the water effectively.

Reverse osmosis systems are effective at removing a wide range of impurities and contaminants from the water, including bacteria, viruses, minerals, and other contaminants. However, they can be expensive and require a significant amount of energy to operate. They also produce a significant amount of wastewater, which can be a concern in areas with limited water resources.

It is important to note that reverse osmosis systems are not always necessary for long term water storage. In many cases, simpler and less expensive methods such as ceramic filters, activated carbon filters, or UV light treatment may be sufficient for filtering stored water.

Reverse osmosis is an effective method for filtering water for long term storage. By using a reverse osmosis system in conjunction with other methods of water treatment and properly maintaining the system, you can ensure that your stored water is safe to drink in an emergency or disaster situation.

Rotating Your Stored Water

water storage for prepping

Even if water is treated and filtered before storage, it can still become contaminated over time. This is why it is important to rotate and replenish stored water on a regular basis.

Reasons for Rotating Stored Water

Rotating stored water is an important step in maintaining the quality and safety of stored water for long term storage. There are several reasons why it is important to rotate stored water on a regular basis.

Firstly, water that is stored for long periods of time can become stale and develop a flat taste. This can be caused by the buildup of dissolved gases, such as carbon dioxide, in the water. By rotating stored water, fresh water is introduced into the storage container, which helps to prevent the buildup of dissolved gases and maintain the taste and quality of the water.  

It can be a pain in the you-know-what, but it’s worth it – trust me.  I hate doing it, but it’s become a yearly habit for me.  If you are using 55-gallon water barrels to store your water, the trick is to buy or make little makeshift carts that you can cart them out of your shed or garage on.  

Obviously, you will be placing your barrels on these roll-away bottom “carts” BEFORE you fill your barrels.  Then when it’s time to rotate the water, you can just roll them out to a place you can dump the water.  It takes some planning of course, but it’s nothing that should be too hard to figure out.

Secondly, stored water can become contaminated over time if it is not properly sealed and stored in a clean and dry location. Contaminants such as bacteria, viruses, and mold can grow in the water and cause health problems if consumed. By rotating stored water, any stagnant water is removed and replaced with fresh water, reducing the risk of contamination.

Thirdly, rotating stored water can help to ensure that the water remains safe to drink in the event of an emergency or disaster. If stored water is not rotated regularly, it may not be safe to drink if it has been stored for an extended period of time. By rotating stored water, you can ensure that you always have a fresh supply of clean water available in case of an emergency or disaster.

How Often to Rotate Stored Water

The frequency of rotating stored water depends on several factors, including the type of container used for storage, the quality of the water being stored, and the storage location and temperature.

In general, it is recommended to rotate stored water every 1-2 years to ensure that it remains fresh and safe to drink. This is because water that is stored for long periods of time can become stale and develop a flat taste, and may also become contaminated if not properly sealed and stored in a clean and dry location.

However, if the water is stored in a cooler, darker location with a stable temperature, it may be able to be stored for up to a year before needing to be rotated. On the other hand, if the water is stored in a warmer location or in a container that is not completely airtight, it may need to be rotated more frequently, such as every year or even 6 months.

It is also important to note that certain types of water, such as purified or distilled water, may have a shorter shelf life than other types of water due to their lack of minerals and other nutrients. In these cases, it is recommended to rotate the water every three to four months to ensure that it remains fresh and safe to drink.

Additionally, if there is any doubt about the quality or safety of the stored water, it should be rotated immediately or discarded and replaced with fresh water. Signs that the water may be contaminated or spoiled include a cloudy appearance, an off odor or taste, or the presence of visible particles or sediment.

The frequency of rotating stored water depends on several factors, and it is important to follow proper storage and rotation practices to ensure that the water remains fresh, safe, and ready to use in case of an emergency or disaster.

Related Articles:  How Do You Store Water Long Term?

Tips for Replenishing Stored Water

Replenishing stored water is an important step in maintaining a reliable supply of drinking water for emergencies or disasters. Here are some tips for replenishing stored water:

  1. Choose a reliable water source: When replenishing stored water, it is important to choose a reliable water source that is free from contamination. This can include municipal water supplies, well water, or natural sources such as springs or lakes.
  2. Treat the water: Even if the water source is considered safe, it is important to treat the water before storing it. This can include using a filtration system, adding chemicals such as bleach or iodine, or using UV light treatment.  I personally use a long-term water preserver for treating the water before it goes into my barrels.
  3. Use appropriate containers: When storing replenished water, it is important to use appropriate containers that are clean, dry, and made of food-grade materials. Containers should be properly sealed to prevent contamination.
  4. Label and date the containers: It is important to label and date the containers of replenished water so that you know when they were filled and when they should be rotated. This can help ensure that the water remains fresh and safe to drink.
  5. Rotate stored water regularly: Replenished water should be rotated regularly, just like any other stored water. The frequency of rotation depends on the specific circumstances, but in general, water should be rotated every six months to ensure that it remains fresh and safe to drink.
  6. Consider using a water storage system: If you live in an area with limited water resources, you may want to consider investing in a water storage system. These systems can store large amounts of water for long periods of time and can be replenished easily.
  7. Plan ahead: Finally, it is important to plan ahead and make sure that you have enough water stored for emergencies or disasters. The amount of water you need depends on several factors, including the number of people in your household and the length of time you may need to be without access to clean water.

Replenishing stored water is an important step in maintaining a reliable supply of drinking water for emergencies or disasters. By choosing a reliable water source, treating the water, using appropriate containers, labeling and dating the containers, rotating stored water regularly, considering a water storage system, and planning ahead, you can ensure that you always have a supply of clean, safe drinking water available when you need it most.

Factors to Consider for Long Term Water Storage

When planning for long term water storage, there are several factors to consider to ensure that you have enough water for your needs.

Water Consumption Calculations

It is important to calculate your water consumption needs based on the number of people and animals in your household, as well as any medical or hygiene needs. A general guideline is to store at least one gallon of water per person per day for a minimum of three days.

Water Storage Location and Temperature Considerations

Stored water should be kept in a cool, dark place to prevent the growth of bacteria and other contaminants. It is also important to consider the temperature of the storage location, as extreme temperatures can affect the quality of the water.

Water Storage for Pets and Livestock

Don’t forget about your pets and livestock.  Pets are part of our families.  When you are calculating water storage, make sure you have enough each day for your pets as well.  Livestock is important if you plan on raising them for meat consumption.  They could become a very valuable food source if you and your family have to survive over off the grid for over 3 months or longer.

Creative Long Term Water Storage Solutions

long term water storage for survival

In addition to traditional water storage methods, there are several creative solutions for long term water storage that can be used in small living spaces or off-grid locations.

Water Storage Solutions for Small Living Spaces

Water storage is essential for emergencies or disasters, but for those living in small living spaces such as apartments or tiny homes, finding space to store water can be a challenge. Fortunately, there are several water storage solutions that can be implemented in small living spaces.

  1. Water Storage Bags: Water storage bags are a convenient and flexible option for those with limited space. These bags are made of durable materials and can hold up to several gallons of water. They can be easily stored under beds, in closets, or even behind furniture.

  2. Collapsible Water Containers: Collapsible water containers are another space-saving option. These containers are made of durable materials and can hold several gallons of water when filled. When empty, they can be collapsed and stored in a small space.

  3. WaterBricks: WaterBricks are stackable containers that are specifically designed for water storage. They can hold up to 3.5 gallons of water each and can be easily stacked in small spaces. They are made of durable, food-grade plastic and can be filled and stacked as needed.

  4. Water Filtration Systems: For those with limited space, a water filtration system can be a good option. These systems are designed to remove impurities and contaminants from water, making it safe to drink. Some systems can be mounted on the wall or placed on a countertop, making them ideal for small spaces.

  5. Portable Water Filters: Portable water filters are a convenient option for those who need to filter water on the go. These filters are compact and lightweight, and can be easily stored in a small space. They are designed to remove impurities and contaminants from water, making it safe to drink.

  6. Faucet Mount Water Filters: For those who live in apartments or rentals, a faucet mount water filter can be a good option. These filters are designed to be attached directly to the faucet, and can filter impurities and contaminants from the water as it flows out of the tap.

Overall, there are several water storage solutions that can be implemented in small living spaces. By using water storage bags, collapsible water containers, WaterBricks, water filtration systems, portable water filters, and faucet mount water filters, those with limited space can still ensure that they have a reliable supply of clean water in case of an emergency or disaster.

Gravity-Fed Water Storage Options

Gravity-fed water storage options are an excellent solution for those who need a reliable source of clean water in the event of an emergency or disaster. These systems use gravity to move water from a storage container to a faucet or spigot, making them easy to use and maintain. Here are some of the most common gravity-fed water storage options:

  1. Rainwater Harvesting Systems: Rainwater harvesting systems collect rainwater from rooftops or other surfaces and store it in a container. The water can then be filtered and purified before use. Gravity-fed rainwater systems can be designed to distribute the water throughout a home or to a specific outdoor location.

  2. Elevated Water Storage Tanks: Elevated water storage tanks are another gravity-fed option. These tanks are typically installed on a high point on a property and are filled with water from a well or other source. The water is then gravity-fed to the home or other location.

  3. Berkey Water Filters: Berkey water filters are gravity-fed water filtration systems that can be used to remove impurities and contaminants from water. These filters are portable and can be used in a variety of settings, including camping, hiking, and emergencies.

  4. Bucket Systems: Bucket systems are a simple and inexpensive gravity-fed water storage option. These systems typically use a large bucket or other container to store water, which is then fed through a spigot or faucet. Bucket systems can be used for drinking water or for other household needs, such as cleaning or cooking.

Gravity-fed water storage options are a great solution for those who need a reliable source of clean water in the event of an emergency or disaster. Whether using rainwater harvesting systems, elevated water storage tanks, Berkey water filters, or bucket systems, gravity-fed water storage options can be designed to fit the specific needs of any household or situation. 

By taking the time to consider the options and design a system that works for your needs, you can ensure that you always have a supply of clean, safe drinking water available when you need it most.

Rainwater Harvesting for Long Term Storage

Rainwater harvesting is an excellent long-term water storage solution that can provide a reliable source of clean water for emergencies or disasters. Rainwater harvesting involves collecting and storing rainwater from rooftops or other surfaces, and treating the water to make it safe for drinking or other uses. Here are some of the key factors to consider when implementing a rainwater harvesting system:

  1. Collection Surface: The surface area used to collect rainwater is important when setting up a rainwater harvesting system. Rooftops are a common collection surface, but other surfaces such as parking lots or driveways can also be used. It is important to ensure that the surface is clean and free of debris or contaminants that could contaminate the collected water.

  2. Storage Container: The storage container is another important factor in rainwater harvesting. The container should be made of a food-grade material, such as plastic or stainless steel, and should be properly sealed to prevent contamination. The size of the container will depend on the amount of rainwater that can be collected and the intended use of the water.

  3. Filtration System: Rainwater must be filtered before it can be used for drinking or cooking. A filtration system can be installed to remove impurities and contaminants from the collected water. The type of filtration system used will depend on the quality of the collected water and the intended use of the water.

  4. Treatment Methods: Rainwater must be treated to make it safe for drinking. Treatment methods such as boiling, chemical treatment, or UV treatment can be used to make the collected water safe for consumption. It is important to follow proper treatment guidelines and ensure that the treated water is properly stored to prevent contamination.

  5. Maintenance: Rainwater harvesting systems require regular maintenance to ensure that they remain functional and safe to use. The collection surface and storage container should be cleaned regularly to prevent contamination, and the filtration and treatment systems should be inspected and maintained as needed.

Rainwater harvesting is an excellent long-term water storage solution that can provide a reliable source of clean water for emergencies or disasters. By considering factors such as collection surface, storage container, filtration system, treatment methods, and maintenance, you can design a rainwater harvesting system that meets your specific needs and ensures that you always have a supply of clean, safe drinking water available when you need it most.

Final Thoughts

Long term water storage is a critical component of any emergency preparedness plan. Choosing the right container, treating and filtering the water, and regularly rotating and replenishing stored water are all important steps to ensure that you have access to clean drinking water during an emergency or disaster.

Factors such as water consumption calculations, storage location and temperature considerations, and water storage for pets and livestock should also be taken into account when planning for long term water storage.

By considering all of these factors and exploring creative water storage solutions, you can be confident that you and your family will have access to clean water when needed.